Theory of Constraints, Critical Chain Project Management, Lean : industry consulting & training - Marris Consulting
Who, in the industrial world, can afford the luxury today to ignore the Lean approach, questioned Usine Nouvelle (French industrial press magazine) in January 2009. Originated in the automotive industry by Toyota in the aftermath of the Second World War, the Lean methodology aims at optimizing processes by reducing the sources of inefficiency and wastes. It is applicable to all industry sectors (including pharmaceutical or agri-food) and to all activities (production, service organizations, support functions). Acclaimed during times of growth, this approach is today questioned in the light of the economic crisis. The question is less to know if the approach is still applicable in a crisis context than to know if the adaptations are unquestionably required.
In a growing market, as we experienced until 2008, Lean seems perfectly consistent. The increase in the activity absorbs progressively the productivity gains, whether they concern production or other functions.
The situation is different in a crisis context, characterized by stagnation or even acitvity decline. First, companies avoided the problem, in some ways, by affecting productivity gains realized by reducing costs. Thus, they could maintain their profitability in a tighter market. In some cases, the objective of reducing costs has become the main motivation in Lean implementation, if not the only one. It is a short term perspective, immediat-results oriented, too often resulting in downsizing.
Finally, companies involved in a Lean implementation, today face a dead-end. For most of them, performance gains are based on production teams' involvement. Every one, at his/her level, and this is one of the founding principle of Lean, should contribute to the production overall improvement thanks to his/her suggestions and actions.
For instance, within Toyota, each employee makes approximatively one suggestion per month, thus taking part to the company continuous improvement process. In order for such a system to succeed, each contributor must find some benefits in it, in terms of stability or positive evolution in his/her professional situation. Lean methods are based on a win-win principle. And this is precisely this balance which is questioned by the downsizing possibility, perceived like a sanction.
Not only this balance is essential to maintain a good social climate within the company, but questioning it also affects one of the founding values, common to all kind of enterprises, no matter its sector of activity or size : its willingness to progress. When Lean is used to reduce costs and manpower, the whole company mechanically adopts a defensive attitude, comparable to the beleaguered in numerical inferiority. It is then no longer about going forward but rather about surviving. Implementing Lean solely to reduce costs leads to a paradoxical position : to change without changing. Productivity gains are used to keep the business as it is, producing the same quantities with lower manpower. Practices are there but the objective and the real meaning are lost.
If this phenomenon were limited to French companies, we could think it is because of an erroneous translation of the word Lean. Lean is not a synonym of meager, it means "no frills", like the body of a marathon runner. It should absolutely not be a malnourished body, fearing for its future.
Because it is the result of a continuous improvement process in all compartments of a company (workshops, support functions, R&D, sales, management), the implementation of Lean cannot be seen as complete with only short term objectives. Lean implementation should lean on a long term and credible strategy aimed at absorbing productivity gains with new conquired markets, boosted sales, a quality-increased service, etc... The key word is prospects! The idea is to draw, at the company-wide level, a perspective to absorb productivity gains in a way that do not require donwsizing. A credible and mobilising project is required.
This kind of perspective can only be supported by an ambitious and long term industrial project (for one or more decades), that would protect the company from market volatility. Serving this project, Lean approach must naturally be extended beyond its traditional application fiels, the production workshops. All stakeholders have to be involved in the search for productivity gains, good practices identification and innovating ideas. Lean implementation will produce more positive effects if it serves a credible, motivating and shared vision of the future. Too often, we forget that the "Toyota model" is a strong-growth model and this is the reason why all employees are willing to contribute
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"Lean: the keys to Good Lean and traps of Bad Lean"
To understand the key success factors of Toyota, Marris Consulting has the honour of welcoming Reynald Debaut-Henocque, ex-Vice President of Manufacturing of Toyota Motor Manufacturing France to co-host these training sessions. He has experienced first-hand the development of Toyota’s manufacturing in France since 1999. He explains the Toyota way or “Good Lean” during two thirds of this training. Philip Marris completes the picture by presenting the “Bad Lean” practices that he has observed based on his over 30 years experience in over 320 companies all over the world and in all kinds of industries.
Marris Consulting is an industry consulting and training company specialized in the Theory of Constraints (ToC) and Critical Chain Project Management. We focus on improving the performance of manufacturing and process industries by using Constraints Management combined with Lean and Six Sigma. To boost project performance, we also use Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM), which we sometimes combine with Lean Engineering. Our 2-day performance audits, our performance consulting services and our project management, Lean, ToC & CCPM training by our industry consultants offer a wide range of solutions to help our clients around the world reach the highest possible levels of performance.